人文西藏丛书-藏地风土：西藏民俗趣谈（英文） pdf mobi txt 2024 电子版 下载

“人文西藏”丛书旨在通过新手法、新视角，点面结合，立体呈现，讲好中国西藏故事。全套丛书分为两辑：一是“西藏风情”系列：包括《雪域经轮——西藏宗教考释》《藏地风土——西藏民俗趣谈》《物华天宝——西藏艺术掠影》《高原华章——西藏文学撷英》《流年乾坤——西藏历史述略》，全方位描绘西藏风土人情和历史、文化风貌，向国内外读者展示西藏魅力和时代亮色；二是“西藏历史文化名人”系列：包括《松赞干布》《元朝首任帝师八思巴》《九世班禅传》《首席代表阿沛·阿旺晋美》，通过西藏历史人物形象侧面反映西藏社会的演进和转折，让历史人物走进新的历史方位。

西藏民俗是西藏文化的重要组成部分。西藏民俗文化内容丰富，民俗形式多姿多彩，饮食、服饰、居住，茶醇酒香、色彩斑斓的西藏生活民俗；诞生礼、婚嫁、丧葬，西藏人生礼仪；民间信仰、苯教信仰、藏传佛教，神圣时空中的西藏信仰民俗；岁时年节、生产节日、宗教节日、娱乐节日，时光轮回中的西藏节日民俗；斗智斗勇、怡情益智的西藏游艺竞技，等等。

The series “Tibet History and Culture” tells the stories about Tibet from a new perspective. It includes such books as A Brief History of Tibet, A Study of Tibetan Religions, Tibetan Folk Customs, Tibetan Literature, A Snapshot of Tibetan Arts, The Biography of Songtsen Gampo, Drogon Chogyal Phagpa: The First Imperial Preceptor of the Yuan Dynasty, The Ninth Panchen Lama: A Biography and Chief Tibetan Delegate Ngabo Ngawang Jigme.

Folk customs are the cultural representation of the living conditions and way of life of a group of people. Tibetan Folk Customs gives a thorough and detailed account of the fascinating, often unique folk customs of the people who live on the snowy plateau.

IntroductionTibetan Folk Customs: Splendid painting scroll rich with the snowy plateau’s unique featuresChapter I Mellow tea and fragrant wine amid bright colours — folk customs in daily life Cuisine Apparel Housing Chapter II Rituals for spirit and life — folk customs in a person’s life Rituals upon birth Customs behind names Marriage customs Funeral customs Chapter III Sacred time and space created in magnificent imaginations — religious beliefsFolk beliefs Bon religion Tibetan BuddhismChapter IV Festivals through four seasons bring a sea of happiness — festival customsSeasonal festivalsProduction festivalsReligious festivalsRecreational festivalsChapter V Combat of strength and skill to amuse and cultivate — contests and recreations Folk contests Folk recreations Bibliography

陈立明，西藏民族大学教授，享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。长期从事西藏历史文化的教学和研究工作，十多次在西藏各地进行社会和文化考察，著有《西藏民俗文化》《走入喜马拉雅丛林——西藏门巴族、珞巴族文化之旅》等多部著作，发表相关论文六十余篇。

Professor Chen Liming of Xizang Minzu University in the ancient city of Xianyang is a State Council Expert for Special Allowance. He has been teaching and researching Tibetan history and culture for many years, making special achievements in Himalayan cultures as well as the general history and culture of Tibet. He has published many academic books including Folk Culture in Tibet and A Walk in the Himalayan Forests: Cultural Journey of the Monba and Lhoba Peoples in Tibet, in addition to more than 60 theses.

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As a staple food through all four seasons, zamba is eaten in As a staple food through all four seasons, zamba is eaten in many ways. The most common method is mar-spags, or pinched zamba. Pour hot tea into a wooden or porcelain bowl with a chunk of butter, then add a suitable amount of zamba, with a bit of cheese or white sugar according to taste. Mix the ingredients well with your fingers and pinch it into your mouth. Another common way to eat zamba is skyo-ma-ldags, which is a thin porridge of buttered tea with zamba flour, cheese and white sugar, commonly served at breakfast or in between formal meals.

A more complicated form of cooking zamba is thug-pa, also a Tibetan favourite. This is a porridge generally served at dinner and it is made by stewing zamba, diced meat, pieces of dough, radish and other ingredients. When making thug-pa, the flour dough is often kneaded into thin pieces or small chunks. Zamba is also used for bskol-ldan (highland barley wine porridge), a special treat for honoured guests, relatives and friends as well as for festive occasions. It is made by warming highland barley wine, then adding butter, cheese, black sugar and a suitable amount of zamba.

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编辑推荐

本书以亲临现场的笔触描绘了西藏民俗的多个方面，体现了青藏高原民族的生活风情和审美情趣，展示了特有的高原风采，演绎出藏族历史文化的丰厚与变迁。

In this book readers can catch glimpses of real life in China’s Tibet through folk customs in housing, cuisine and apparel; etiquette to follow from birth to death, wedding to funeral; the myriad festivals and recreational activities coming from different backgrounds, and the profound religious beliefs that lead to such folk customs.

书摘插图

前言

With an average elevation above sea level of 4,000 metres and the world’s highest mountain, the Tibetan Plateau has been aptly named the Third Pole of the Earth. Over the course of thousands of years, the Tibetan people have created a splendid culture in this magical land.Folk customs form an important part of Tibetan culture, embedding and reflecting the unique features of the snowy plateau. The formation and development of Tibetan folk customs span a long time. Between 50,000 to 10,000 years ago, ancient humans left their traces on the Tibetan Plateau. What can be considered Tibetan folk customs began to take shape in the Neolithic Age, about 5,000 to 4,000 years ago. The discovery of the ruins of two primitive villages in Karub, Chamdo, and Qoigong, Lhasa, provided an outline of how ancient people lived in Tibet. We can catch glimpses of their material and spiritual lives through relics of food, housing, apparel and methods of transport.During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), Tibet was known as the Tubo regime. It was a period of cultural blossoming and folk customs developed in leaps and bounds. The basic norms of the region’s folk customs matured in the Tubo Era, and have continued to grow and influence generations until today.For more than 1,000 years after the Tubo Era, Tibetan folk customs flourished along with social growth and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups to become a significant element of Tibetan culture.Tibetan folk customs have a long history and striking features, with their own unique lineage.Geographical Features Geographical features are some of the most striking elements that set Tibetan folk customs apart from those of other areas.Tibet lies on the roof of the world. To its north are the Kunlun and Tanggula mountain ranges; at its centre lie the Gandise- Nyanchen Thanglha Mountains; the Himalayas border its south and the Hengduan Mountains lie on its eastern rim. These giants form the backbone of the plateau.The landscape of Tibet is naturally formed into several distinct parts. The northern plateau (which includes the Ali Plateau) lies between the Kunlun, Tanggula and the Gandise-Nyanchen Thanglha mountains. In the Tibetan language, this vast area is called Changtang (meaning plateau in the north). Between the Gandise-Nyanchen Thanglha Mountains and the Himalayas is the valley of southern Tibet. The mighty Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries — the Lagazangbo, Nyangchu, Lhasa and Nyang Qu rivers — run through the valley. Further south is the Himalayan mountain area, which includes the southern and southeastern slopes of the Himalayas. Finally there’s the eastern valley area where the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha (upper reaches of the Yangtze) rivers cut deep ravines through the Hengduan Mountains.These unique geographical conditions helped shape Tibet’s distinctive folk customs. The vast northern plateau has an average elevation above sea level of more than 4,000 metres, which creates a frigid climate. The many lakes and crisscrossing rivers there form a paradise of wildlife and ideal pastures. For generations local people followed the best water and grass, creating a nomadic culture with clear regional features.The southern valley area sits at 2,700 to 3,700 metres above sea level. The deep, fertile soil is excellent for agriculture. Since the mythical era of “monkey turning into man”, humans have beencultivating fields there and creating a strong farming civilisation. The flat valleys in the middle ranges of the Yarlung Zangbo River were important sources of ancient Tibetan civilisation. It is said that the first inhabitants of Tibet settled there. The first farming field, the first house, and the first Tsampo ruler were all established in the Yarlung Valley.In eastern Tibet, the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha rivers cut through gorgeous mountains, where the climate differs according to the altitude. Clans of locals dwelt in houses built along the mountains, living from farming and herding.The southern and southeastern slopes of the Himalayas enjoy a temperate climate with ample rain. The dense, humid forests provide a home for diversified animal and plant species. This meant that local people lived by hunting and gathering as well as traditional primitive farming. Such differences in geography predetermined the varied ways people lived and produced food and built shelter. Tibetan folk customs differ from those outside the Tibetan Plateau because of these unique geographical features. Within Tibet, there are many smaller geographical subdivisions. As a Tibetan idiom goes, “Every lama has a sect, every area has a dialect”. The cultures of different areas have their own specific geographical features. Together they form the colourful kaleidoscope of Tibetan folk customs.Ethnic featuresTibetan folk customs have been created by all the ethnic groups in Tibet. While Tibetans mainly live on the snowy plateau, the Monbas, Lhobas, Dengs and Sherpas are scattered in the southern and southeastern slopes of the Himalayas. Sharing the Tibetan Plateau, these ethnic groups have each made contributions to Tibetan folk culture. From languages to weddings and funerals, religious festivals, as well as cuisine, apparel, housing and methods of transport, all aspects of Tibetan folk culture are rich with ethnic features. To a certain extent, such ethnic cultural features are also consistent with the geographical features.Although ethnic groups in Tibet live in relatively independent geographical units, they all belong to the Tibetan Plateau and communication between them can be traced deep back in history, forging close ties in politics, economy and culture. The folk customs created by all ethnic groups in Tibet together form a unified but also diverse culture of folk customs. Folk customs are the emblems of an ethnic group. Tibetan folk customs reflect and display the spirits of the region’s ethnic groups.Fusion featuresThe fusion of Tibetan folk customs included the embrace of outside cultures, exchanges among ethnic groups, and amalgamation of religious and secular aspects.Situated at the heart of Asia, Tibet has been a pivot of East, South and Central Asia. In terms of cultural distribution, Tibet is the point where cultures from East, South, Central and West Asia clashed and converged. Since ancient times, Tibet has been communicating with surrounding regions. As far back as the Neolithic Age, Tibet already had cultural exchanges with Central and South Asia. Tibetan civilisation was closely linked with the civilization along the Yellow River. During and after the Tubo Era, the exchanges in politics, economy and culture between Tibet and surrounding regions, especially the Central Plains to its east, continued to expand. Buddhism from India and Nepal, and Confucianism from the Central Plains both exerted significant influences on the development of Tibetan culture.Tibetan folk customs display strong features of the fusion of the secular and the religious, the sacred and the entertaining.Features of the timeFolk customs are creations of history. Any phenomenon of folk customs is the crystallization of an ethnic group’s cultural activities over thousands of years. While carrying on historical traditions, folk customs also grew and evolved as society changed, thereby displaying features from certain historical periods. In the history of Tibetan folk customs, Karub, Tubo and the feudal fiefdom cultures were all etched deep into the overall scene.As Tibet opens its arms wider to welcome the outside world and modernisation gathers momentum, the economy will develop while society undergoes fundamental reforms. Many changes are taking place in the methods of production, living, thinking and how people view culture. Such changes have affected all aspects of folk customs. From daily necessities to weddings and funerals, as well as festivals and games, they all reflect changes and progress of the time. In a society that is changing rapidly, Tibetan folk customs are displaying even more colourful features today.

书籍介绍

“人文西藏”丛书旨在通过新手法、新视角，点面结合，立体呈现，讲好中国西藏故事。全套丛书分为两辑：一是“西藏风情”系列：包括《雪域经轮——西藏宗教考释》《藏地风土——西藏民俗趣谈》《物华天宝——西藏艺术掠影》《高原华章——西藏文学撷英》《流年乾坤——西藏历史述略》，全方位描绘西藏风土人情和历史、文化风貌，向国内外读者展示西藏魅力和时代亮色；二是“西藏历史文化名人”系列：包括《松赞干布》《元朝首任帝师八思巴》《九世班禅传》《首席代表阿沛·阿旺晋美》，通过西藏历史人物形象侧面反映西藏社会的演进和转折，让历史人物走进新的历史方位。

西藏民俗是西藏文化的重要组成部分。西藏民俗文化内容丰富，民俗形式多姿多彩，饮食、服饰、居住，茶醇酒香、色彩斑斓的西藏生活民俗；诞生礼、婚嫁、丧葬，西藏人生礼仪；民间信仰、苯教信仰、藏传佛教，神圣时空中的西藏信仰民俗；岁时年节、生产节日、宗教节日、娱乐节日，时光轮回中的西藏节日民俗；斗智斗勇、怡情益智的西藏游艺竞技，等等。

The series “Tibet History and Culture” tells the stories about Tibet from a new perspective. It includes such books as A Brief History of Tibet, A Study of Tibetan Religions, Tibetan Folk Customs, Tibetan Literature, A Snapshot of Tibetan Arts, The Biography of Songtsen Gampo, Drogon Chogyal Phagpa: The First Imperial Preceptor of the Yuan Dynasty, The Ninth Panchen Lama: A Biography and Chief Tibetan Delegate Ngabo Ngawang Jigme.

Folk customs are the cultural representation of the.living conditions and way of life of a group of people. Tibetan Folk Customs gives a thorough and detailed account of the fascinating，often unique folk customs of the people who live on the snowy plateau. In this book readers can catch glimpses of real life in China's Tibet through fol，k customs in housing， cuisine and apparel;etiquette to follow from birth to death， wedding to funeral; the myriad festivals and recreational activities coming from different backgrounds， and the profound religious beliefs that lead to such folk customs.

• 作者：解梦师绿酱 发布时间：2014-12-11 21:19:32

  针对研究生的 麻麻地吧有点点启发

• 作者：water 发布时间：2018-01-30 01:08:59

  活在理想里，比起承受压力，更重要的是拒绝诱惑。

• 作者：文孟先生 发布时间：2022-11-25 16:14:53

  经典作品。

• 作者：李格非 发布时间：2016-12-31 21:44:51

  在kindle上花了一块钱买的，现在感觉这一块钱花的不值了。西藏还是要亲身走一下经历才行，看书看图没什么意思。而这本书也没有满足我对西藏的好奇也没有吸引我去西藏。

• 作者：行者 发布时间：2023-09-29 15:08:14

  借金庸小说解读科研的种种，挺有意思的一件事，但用科研的种种来理解金庸宇宙逻辑就有点牵强，算是一本正经的胡说八道。

• 作者：栗子果酱 发布时间：2016-06-21 09:20:47

  有些诗集没有收录

• 看不见的犯罪不神秘

  作者：璃人泪@2011 发布时间：2016-03-20 00:09:33

  互联网、新媒体、高科技，极大地提升了我们的生活品质和效率。然而随之而来的安全隐患也不容小觑，日益受到关注。信息泄漏如此普遍，诈骗手段层出不穷，罪犯未必凶神恶煞，受害者常常蒙在鼓里，一切都近在咫尺。

  纪实文学《氮：犯罪2.0》中，意大利著名记者比亚吉奥·西蒙内塔用氮来形容与时俱进的犯罪手段：无色无味的氮气寻常无奇，悄无声息地侵入身边，令人不加戒备。当然，通常情况下，氮气就如科技创造者的初衷一般与人无害，只有超过比例才令人窒息，犯罪行为就是这变化的始作俑者。

  揭开看不见的犯罪的神秘面纱，新的犯罪手段颠覆了我们对犯罪的传统印象，西蒙内塔举的真实案例足以让我们引以为戒。譬如，罪犯的特征愈发难以识别，2.0的罪犯可能就是我们身边的普通人、衣冠楚楚的未成年人、甚或电脑技术高超的人才，而非不学无术引人侧目的古惑仔，这也给侦查工作出了难题。犯罪成本更低，操作更便捷，天南海北，足不出户就能“遥控”犯罪。同时，犯罪2.0具有更强的侵入性，谁都可能成为潜在受害者，“网络交易为那些多年前一想到从毒贩子身边走过都会害怕的人们打开了地狱之门”；哪怕远离互联网也不能保证绝对安全，盗取脱机人员身份的犯罪行径有个专门名词——“翻垃圾桶”。

  了解了无孔不入的犯罪2.0，西蒙内塔告诫我们惟有更加谨慎，他也提出一些针对个人的可行性建议：在社交网络上慎重输入个人信息、只浏览安全网站、销毁含有个人信息的文件账单、留意对账单送达情况、寄送敏感文件使用挂号信等等。西蒙内塔本人，更是不遗余力举报有害网站和信息、暗访黑帮团伙、撰文反应社会问题。尽管不断变化的犯罪手段不可能完全消除，西蒙内塔的努力还是为我们开拓了思路。

  窃以为，我们也许能用常用的处理氮气的方法来对抗犯罪2.0。

  实验室常用的检测氮气的方法是用金属镁与之反应，再加水检测生成的氨气。高水平的网络技术人员正是这金属镁，合理打破保护壁垒的通融协作是水，将无色无味的氮气转化成恶臭的氨气令犯罪无处遁形。低温液氮是常用冷冻剂，将空气加压、冷却的制备过程恰似社会对犯罪行为的加压和零容忍。氮气加速系统或者固氮作肥料，都是对氮气的有效利用，面对具有一定技术特长的罪犯，尤其是未成年人，如何引导他们的选择，反过来造福于民，或能达成双赢。

  氮气并不可怕，可怕的是居心叵测的人如何利用它。在日新月异的新技术面前，我们无须因噎废食，但若能更全面地看到事物的正反面，也能更理智更审慎的利用资源。惟有良性的利用才会开创更多可能，呼吸着空气，没有人能坐壁上观，或许我们也该用这样的态度看待其他。

  ——丙申年读比亚吉奥·西蒙内塔《氮：犯罪2.0》

• [杂谈] 如何去赢得朋友影响他人

  作者：藤壺 发布时间：2013-07-25 02:00:34

  这本书，中译名非常酷炫，叫做《人性的弱点》。早先只听说过中译本，被这酷炫的名字给忽悠住了，以为是一本高深莫测的人生哲理。直到前几天，我抱着练习英语阅读的目的去找了这个英文版，然后上豆瓣看了看。原来那本酷炫的书有一个非常土鳖的英文名字 'How to Win Friends and Influence People'。不过实际证明，名字酷炫掩盖不住内容的杂乱；土鳖的Title下才是最精彩的内容。

  这本书的中英文版我都有，都看过一些。这本英文版粗略的把内容读完，因为为了练习英语阅读，所以细读目前只到35%。中文版是卡耐基的两本书'How to Win Friends and Influence People' & ‘Start Living'拼凑成的。如果只是1+1的拼法倒也无妨，但是那种1A+2B+1C+2A这种乱七八糟的拼法，我个人是觉得，有能力的人还是去读英文原版吧。

  豆瓣上这本书的书评我大致翻了一下，第一名的是喷嚏网铂程写的，他其实把精髓写出来了，只是太过文艺，我觉得基本上点’有用‘的人80%都没看懂。排第二名的是出来搞笑的，整篇内容就是把那个中译本的目录給抄了下来，然后我还看见有评论如是”太正确了，《人性的弱点全集》最经典的读书笔记就是它的目录“。请允许我对这些人的智商做一个悲伤的表情。

  大四上时，我的读书习惯从阿娇身上受益颇深。他说过，读一本书时，有一半的精力是要花在思考这几个问题上：Who is this author? What has he done? For what purpose does the author write this book? How is its reliability?

  卡耐基不是哲学家，他是个成功学家，是个成人教育专家。说白了，他在当时做的工作就和现在公司外聘请来给新员工培训的讲师差不多。我也去百度了一些他的资料，他做的那些成就，我觉得夸大了太多。在我看来，他只是在当时成人教育不够成体系的时候在这个行业做的最好，同时自己在这方面有自己的独到之处，然后把这些写成了书。'How to Win'这本书不是什么人生哲学，卡耐基写这本书的目的在前言里有很明显的表述: "I know what those adults want (the ability to deal with people). But the book they need has never been written." 同时，他也很明确的说了，这本书不是什么道理性的说教，而是教给你该怎么做。"This is an action book"

  我有一个朋友，我们一般叫他金老板。他是一个社交能力很强的人，上司、下属、同辈、长辈，他都能打点周全，赢得每一个人的认同和喜爱。后来他去了某国企的公关部，我们也觉得这是最适合他做的事情。我曾经思考过，是什么让他能如此受欢迎。原因可能有很多，看完此书后，我暂时得到的答案是，他发自内心地愿意并热衷于和所有人打交道。

  整本书道理很少，大部分都是一些case或者story。印象最深的是两个，一个是Lincoln在南北战争最胶着时写给Meade的信，一个是Roosevelt打电话给邻居让她去看bobwhite。书里都有详细的细节，这里不繁述了。这些从伟人身上摘取的细节故事，我觉得更有说服力。That's the reason those great people are great.

  书是好书，不故弄玄虚，也没有华而不实。推荐给所有人。