编辑思维学 陶同 著 黑龙江朝鲜民族出版社【正版书】 pdf mobi txt 2024 电子版 下载

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章 编辑思维学研究的必要性、目标和范畴

一、信息时代的热点：研究和开发思维的潜力

二、应运而生的编辑思维学

三、编辑思维学研究的目标和范畴

第二章 揭示编辑的本质是研究编辑思维的前提

一、大众传播的诞生、发展和必具的条件

二、大众传播是社会大系统的子自组织系统

三、编辑：对大众传播信息进行调控

四、几种编辑定义的辩析

五、编辑思维的天职：如何通过信息传播的调控地增进社会的负熵

第三章 编辑对大众传播信息进行调控的思维

一、编辑调控思维的对象性信息

二、编辑调控思维准则

三、编辑调控思维的基础：传品的分类

四、建立传播信息时空质连续统调控意识

第四章 编辑的思场流

一、何谓思场流

二、编辑思场流：编辑思维的现实

三、有待开拓的蕴有无限潜力的编辑思场流

第五章 编辑思场流的控制与反馈

一、控制通达自由

二、编辑思场流的目标在控制中的作用

三、编辑目标的形成和思场流控制流程

四、编辑的需要和快乐的源泉

五、编辑对思场流的控制和反馈

第六章 编辑的显意识与潜意识动态系统

一、显意识与潜意识的界定

二、潜意识的三个元：编辑的潜控制、潜信息、潜效应

三、编辑潜意识层次的上升与显意识的解放

第七章 突破怪圈：编辑思维的跃进

一、无形的周而复始的怪圈

二、常见的编辑思维怪圈及其成因的悖论

三、如何突存怪圈

第八章 编辑的创造性思维

一、创造思维：编辑调控大众传播信息的必须

二、编辑思场流：进行创造的通途

三、编辑创造思维的几种样式

主要概念术语释注及检索

参考书目

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附录：专家评审辑要

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• 作者：秀逗小妞 发布时间：2022-04-30 12:19:09

  不同主题的英语展示，相关联的单词记忆和图像记忆结合，轻松搞定1000词，还有中文解释，双语同时学习。

• 作者：痴汉Mayu 发布时间：2022-02-18 23:27:47

  一年一本。

• 作者：姬昭 发布时间：2022-05-12 18:15:52

  老一辈的工作者们，不得不让人钦佩。希望崔老一直健康幸福！

• 作者：张晚禾 发布时间：2012-10-15 23:11:13

  几乎是一个套路。。。。主要内容+创作背景+导演背景blabla+针对创作背景导演生平谈故事&摄影&蒙太奇特点blablabla+没了

• 作者：废柴柴 发布时间：2023-07-03 14:22:02

  教你如何成为讨人厌的女人

• 作者：李不寻 发布时间：2011-10-04 14:16:09

  1.95平方公里只能是依靠外界，但要看你如何吸引人

• 吐槽贴

  作者：Bunny 发布时间：2013-10-27 00:14:13

  Mockingjay槽点实在是太多了，多到不知从何说起。Hunger Games我基本一字不落，Catching Fire里面除了某几章很无聊的我也都全看了，但是Mockingjay实在突破了我忍耐的底线，大部分都直接飞了，我觉得直接看最后一章以及尾声就足够了，中间完全是各种无逻辑的群魔乱舞加乱入。

  首先想问作者到底怎样定位这个系列。我个人主要把它当以科幻为辅的爱情片。我想看的是女主怎样一次又一次在Hunger Game中存活下来，怎样用她微不足道的力量用她自己的方式反抗Capitol的专制——就像Peeta说的就算死也要用自己的方式，再怎样历经患难跟Peeta走到一起——没错要跟Peeta一起，如果是"大表哥" Gale我也会抓狂。作者对未来的设定，包括Capitol的专制，12个区人民水深火热的生活，the Dark Days再到Hunger Games的传统这些都算是合理范围内的想象。作为故事发生的背景，这些设定定义了女主的性格，给了故事发展的原因，但这就已经足够了。对于故事的背景我从来没有想去challenge或者是深研究，毕竟整个设定太过架空并不完善，感觉上就是让读者们take it for granted and plz don't question it. 这我也ok, as long as the story also doesn't touch on it too much。所以我从没指望这本书专注于民主与专制这样的政治问题，或者是农村包围城市这样的战争场面。我也不想要Katniss摇身一变成为多大的旗帜，电影再虚幻也要建立在逻辑之上吧，一个17岁的小女孩凭着一把浆果成为了全国精神领袖这种事跟谁说谁信啊。而且毕竟整套书用的是Katniss第一人称的视角，用来写她自己内心的感情会很方便，但是任何大场面或者全国性的问题都会感觉很片面。可是作者的野心显然并不曾止步于爱情片这三个字，整个第三本书里面，她让Katniss成为rebels的spiritual leader，再各种参与rebels的活动，试图全方位展现rebels是怎样攻陷Capitol的。我只能说结果就是顾此失彼，两边不讨好，不仅没了以前已经设定好的感情线和故事，也没写好rebels反抗的故事。

  我觉得作为一个系列的最后一本书，作者应该在已有的基础上build up新的剧情，新的事物和角色自然是必须，但是要适当，尤其这三本书之间连续性这么强。但是读完了这本书觉得作者被她自己宏伟的战争蓝图给绑架了，为了让战争的过程看着reasonable，她不得不加入大批新角色，新概念，新科技，等等……当我打开第三部，我期待的是一个结局，但结果我看到的却是一片像是故事开篇一样的混乱。一群角色为了出现而出现，没多久又为了死亡而死亡，无数新的名词被介绍出来，然后never mentioned again，到最后感觉作者就像是一个在演讲大赛编故事的小孩子，用自己的想象力把评委给她的毫不相关的单词生拉硬拼凑在一起，但是到头来还是一盘散沙。

  所以第三部的配角们基本都是败笔。前两部里面配角各司其职，每个人都有很鲜明的脸谱和作用。比如说Haymitch，略搞笑，说话一针见血，导师；Effie，搞笑，经纪人类似物；Cinna，时尚代言人，酷毙了的路线，主角的坚定粉丝；Caesar，搞笑，主持人；Prim，惹怜爱……等等，但是在第三部里面，一群新人加进来，好多人你还没等熟悉他们他们已经不再出现，比如2区的那个领袖，有的当你已经忘记了他们又莫名的冒了出来，比如8区的那个领袖，有的你觉得挺主角挺靠谱的但是莫名就死了，比如Finnick，有的一直很烦人但是到最后还活着，比如prep team那三个货，有的人纯为了出现而出现的，比如在Capitol的内应，有的纯为了死而出现，比如Star Crew那一群毫无存在感的人，还有人到最后我也没弄明白作者想把定位成怎样，比如Plutarch。如果看小说的时候都有看电影的那种速度太快前后连接不上的莫名的感觉，这实在是太失败了。一开始我还在记新人名想知道他们是谁，后来我干脆就放弃了，whatever吧，他们全都是打酱油的，我就看第一部的人就得了。

  主角们也被作者的雄心壮志绑架了，除了Peeta本来就已经被Capitol搞疯之外，其他每一个基本都是被作者搞疯的。跟前两部他们的理性睿智相比，第三部里歇斯底里简直是无处不在。如果一个人偶尔抓狂一次爆发一下小宇宙做出一些大家无法预测却又反而鼓舞人心的事情，可以说这是她的本能下的人性光辉，但是如果一个人每隔两章就要这样爆发一次的话（注意中间隔的那一章是在休养前一章受的伤），那我只能说她是真的疯了。

  第三本里的Katniss就是这样疯到我完全不能想象而且不能理解。首先第二部结束时，Haymitch跟她解释了Quarter Quell中rebel的阴谋的来龙去脉，她意识到Peeta没被救出来她竟然就跑过去给Haymith一顿暴打……好吧这件事我就权当她是真爱我就忽略它；随后她跟随rebels到District 8参观医院病患，顺便拍摄战争宣传片（没错，战争宣传片…太扯了），结果碰到Capitol试图轰炸医院，于是Katniss在跟一队人逃跑的路上竟然就公然反抗命令，然后毅然决然的冲回去保护医院……她只不过有那么几只箭而已啊，对方可是战斗机啊，你这不是以卵击石么？逻辑在何处？为了表现你心系于民也不至于这样吧？虽说作者已经在各种铺垫说Beetee给她打造了一个专属武器，全世界绝版的仅此一只的弓箭，什么又可以有explode，又可以有fire，但是人家的战斗机是吃素的么？如果那个时代的高科技得以让一只弓箭都有这么大破坏力，那战斗机呢？但随后作者就给了我一记响亮的耳光，因为Katniss跟Gale俩人不仅没怎么受伤，还用他们的弓箭打下来了一架飞机。成，你们牛，世界是你们的，我就不细究了……

  接着她被送到District 2，Gale在那炸了一座山然后她被要求在火车站演讲说rebels已经占领了District 2，结果讲着讲着有被困在山里的工人们的火车进了站，suppose rebel的士兵们这时已经stand by随时打死任何反抗者，但是我们的玛丽苏就在这时候又犯病了，她跑出安全区冲到闪光灯下，对敌人伸出她的手，深情地说，来吧，我们都是兄弟姐妹，让我们手牵手，一起建设新中国，不对，新米国吧！然后她就被枪击了……我只能说你活该，你有病吧你，何弃疗啊亲？你以为你是圣母玛利亚附身啊神经病！！

  随后我们的玛丽苏开始养精蓄锐为了去杀死Snow。于是主角们组成了一个Star Group还是什么的被雄赳赳气昂昂的派到了前线……拍宣传片，其中包括Gale, Finnick, Katniss还有Peeta，大家在某次出去取景的时候中伏，队长Boggs壮烈牺牲，这时候你一定在想，靠不是要Katniss当队长吧，随后心里一个声音默默叫喊说不要这么雷啊她就是一17岁的疯姑娘让她带队谁tmd信啊，但一切就这么发生了，队长临死托孤把未竟的事业全权交给了Katniss，然后Katniss没怎么纠结就毅然决然的撒了个谎，带着大家继续向机关重重的敌后方前进了，不是为了自由也不是为了民主甚至不是为了人民的幸福，只是因为Katniss自己总结出来说现在活着的唯一目标就是自己要杀了Snow...所以说此刻女主是搭上全部人的性命只为了一己私心。想说您以前的高风亮节呢？您以前对生命的尊重呢？这马上就要赢了，Snow被杀死就是早一天晚一天的事了，你扯这个干啥啊？就算团队里面所有的victor都有同样的想法要冲过去手刃Snow吧，那其他人呢？他们就这么为你们打酱油了么？我觉得这本书里面比Katniss的疯狂更不靠谱的事情，就是似乎所有人都很欣赏很赞成她的疯狂，Boggs临死让她坚持完成自己想做的事，Peeta又说了一遍She never knows the effect she could have——这句话放在第一部里面我很赞同，放在第三部里面我只想说，放屁！Boggs的副手在简单疑问之后也选择牺牲自己帮Katniss完成任务，K的prep team每次出现都要赞扬她一次……等等等等，总之越看下去越想说，不是我疯了就是你们都疯了吧。

  然后说说三个人的感情问题。如果说第二部结束的时候一切都在正轨上，那么第三部一上来所有事情就脱轨了，但就算脱轨也请你毁得干净利落点可以么？可以不要这么婆婆妈妈莫名其妙么？Katniss在两个人之间摇摆一次那是正常，大家都expect会这样，第一次game里面跟Peeta在一起是为了生存，回来见到Gale有些良心不安所以试图逃避Peeta这我们都很理解，但随后Quarter Quell神马的你总该知道自己的心了吧？知道了就请将爱情坚持到底啊亲，就算现实中我们这些凡夫俗子们的确会各种摇摆吧，您是小说主角好么，除了狗血的twilight您见哪部爱情小说总这么摇摆的啊，咱说好的真爱呢作者？第三部里面Katniss感觉像是说，我也不知道喜欢谁，我也不想去想这个问题，我很辛苦我很累我心灵受到过创伤谁都别来烦我，我需要依靠所以谁偏巧在我身边那我就靠一下吧，俩人谁受伤了我都不忍心受不了会心疼疼到死，所以，注意，所以不是不要受伤，而是请不要在我面前受伤，你要是不巧在我面前受伤了，而且还是Kiss解决不了的伤，那好，要么你走要么我走。所以Peeta被救回来且被洗脑之后，Katniss竟然跟他生闷气，然后各种逃避，她不仅没有一次主动去看过Peeta，在Peeta康复期间每次说话都带刺，在Peeta面前毫不掩饰跟Gale的亲密，甚至还为了躲他跑去了District2。亲你的勇气呢？第一部快结束Peeta被revive的时候你不是一直在旁边等这么？第二部Gale被鞭打之后你不是一直在边上守着么？这会儿你怎么就忍不住了呢？唯一的解释就是作者不让呗。总之我不能理解，试想Peeta是怎么对Katniss的，你伤心的时候他在旁边宽慰，快乐的时候他在一边为你开心，你怕危险想逃走他想都不想就说好，你决定跟大表哥再续前缘他问都不用问就说我懂了，你脚伤了出不了门他天天给你带喜欢吃的面包然后跟你一起写family book，你晚上睡觉做噩梦永远有他的怀抱给你温暖，而他图个啥？他说了usually my nightmares are about losing you, I'm ok once I realize you are here. 他就是怕失去你，于是当他最需要你的时候，你就这么毅然决然的离开了他，留给他所有的噩梦。他不在的时候你天天想他，他回来了你又不珍惜，真是叶公好龙啊。作者呀，这科学么……？好多个场景我都特别想问一句, what's the point?! 比如说Peeta出现在前线的时候，Katniss跑去Gale的怀抱里找温暖；Peeta失控差点杀了Katniss之后，让大家杀了他，K很纠结后来竟然深吻了P，这是为了吻戏而吻戏么？；最后要刺杀Snow的时候几个人化了妆分头行动，然后什么有的人看不见了，Gale被抓走了，Peeta不知道在哪，然后Prim就被炸了，然后Katniss就晕了，这都…这都什么跟什么啊？！

  再说说为啥Katniss心心念念要自己亲手杀Snow吧。逻辑是这样的，我很受伤，为啥这么受伤呢？因为我爸矿难死了，这事因为政府所以算Snow头上；因为我爱的配角们都为我死了，这事也怪政府所以也是Snow的事；因为一直无条件爱我的小男生突然被洗脑冲没了爱情的盲目开始理性的质问他对我的爱了，这让我很不爽所以这事怪Snow；因为Snow身上的香水味不好闻让我做噩梦这事怪他……所以我一定要亲手杀了他！不能说完全没道理吧，但是我想说Snow不是解决所有问题的良药啊亲，Peeta伤了这事你要是真的想解决问题你得去面对他呀，唉算了我太偏执了。

  还有最后，Katniss在万众瞩目之下，一箭杀了Coin。就算Coin不是啥好人吧，你这么随便一挥手就把国家领导人杀了的气场会不会太强大了点？这谁敢用你啊，也不知道你想些啥，然后就会被你杀了。

  觉得一本好的第三部，应该像是由作者带着去爬一座她很熟悉的山，走过一条条小路，由她领着发现一座座精致的盖好的小房子，看到隐秘的不为人知的景色，找到意想不到的花草，最后平安到达目的地，心情舒畅；但是看完了Mockingjay，我感觉就像是被带去了一座从没人走过的，连作者都没走过的荒山，于是作者用她丰富的想象力披荆斩棘趟出了一条beeline直奔终点，so whether you like it or not, here's the destination I've always promised you! 留下我满心伤痕啊...

  唉，电影的编剧请给力请靠谱啊，对第三部请下重手，谢谢。

• 做人做事的普遍原则

  作者：Hammer_ 发布时间：2012-02-03 18:21:57

  Before we commence reading How To Win Friends And Influence People, we should first realize that this book had been written to be used to as textbook for the author's course in Effective speaking and Human relationship and it still used for today.

  So please not categorize this book as Self-help or Motivational book which often be degraded by those who unceasingly declaim how badly they hate this sort of things.

  Dealing with people is probably the biggest problem we face, especially if you are in business. Those principles can apply to all walks of people.

  If you wish to get the most out of this book, there is one indispensable requirement, one essential infinitely more important than any rule or technique. Unless you have this one fundamental requisite, a thousand rules on how to study will avail little.

  What is this magic requirement? Just this: a deep, driving desire to learn, a vigorous determination to increase your ability to deal with people.

  Once you believe,that works.

  “Education,” said the author “is the ability to meet life’s situations,”

  If by the time you have finished reading the first three chapters of this book- if you aren’t then a little better equipped to meet life’s situations, then I shall consider this book to be a total failure so far as you are concerned. For “the great aim of education,” said the author, “is not knowledge but action.”

  And this is an action book :)

  ----------------------------------

  readingnote:

  第一大章：怎样赢得朋友

  原则一：永远不要去批评别人

  很精辟，我们应该转换方式，让他们自己发现，或者用一种温和，婉转的方式，反之就算是中肯的批评也是有害无利

  1.ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

  2.Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment

    

  3.Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.

  4.每当我们想要批评别人的时候，想想这句话：“I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”Judge not, that ye be not judged

  5.最真诚的忠告------勿责人，常思已过：Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it, But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others - yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

  6.每个人都是感性的动物：When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

  7.我们应该做的：Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

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  原则二 如何与人打交道---Give honest and sincere appreciation

  1、（有道理！）There is only one way under high heaven to get anybody to do anything. Did you ever stop to think of that? Yes, just one way. And that is by making the other person want to do it. Remember, there is no other way.

  2.每个人都得到赞扬啊：The deepest principle in human nature is the craving to be appreciated.The desire for a feeling of importance is one of the chief distinguishing differences between mankind and the animals

  3. 赞扬和奉承的区别：The difference between appreciation and flattery? That is simple. One is sincere and the other insincere. One comes from the heart out,the other from the teeth out. One is unselfish,the other selfish. One is universally admired, the other universally condemned.

  4.多点发自内心的感激，别吝啬对我们爱的人的赞扬：When we are not engaged in thinking about some definite problem, we usually spend about 95 percent of our time thinking about ourselves. Now, if we stop thinking about ourselves for a while and begin to think of the other person’s good points, we won’t have to resort to flattery so cheap and false that it can be spotted almost before it is out of the mouth

  5. 真的是这样呢：Let’s cease thinking of our accomplishments, our wants. Let’s try to figure out the other person’s good points. Then forget flattery. Give honest, sincere appreciation. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise,” and people will cherish your words and treasure them and repeat them over a lifetime -repeat them years after you have forgotten them

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  原则三. 去谈论人家感兴趣的事----Arouse in the other person an eager want

  1.少谈自己，谈大家的兴趣和利益所在：So the only way cm earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it. Remember that tomorrow when you are trying to get somebody to do something. If, for example, you don’t want your children to smoke, don’t preach at them, and don’t talk about what you want? but show them that cigarettes may keep them from making the basketball team or winning the hundred-yard dash.（销售的人应该学学，学会从他人的角度看问题）

  2.If out of reading this book you get just one thing- an increased tendency to think always in terms of other people’s point of view, and see things from their angle - if you get that one thing out of this book, it may easily prove to be one of the building blocks of your career.

  3、我们的目的不是为了操纵人，而是实现双赢：Looking at the other person’s point of view and arousing in him an eager want for something is not to be construed as manipulating that person so that he will do something that is only for your benefit and his detriment

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  第二大章：怎样让人喜欢你

  原则一：Become genuinely interested in other people--对他人感兴趣

  1.If we want to make friends, let’s put ourselves out to do things for other people -things that require time, energy, unselfishness and thoughtfulness

  2.If we want to make friends, let’s greet people with animation and enthusiasm. When somebody calls you on the telephone use the same psychology

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  原则二：经常微笑

  1.Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, “I like you, You make me happy. I am glad to see you.”That is why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. So, naturally, we are glad to see them. A baby’s smile has the same effect

  2.A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.”Your smile is a messenger of your good will. Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless -that there is joy in the world.

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  原则三：记住别人的名字

  Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language

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  原则四： 做一个好的听众，让别人去谈论自己（Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves）

  So if you aspire to be a good conversationalist, be an attentive listener. To be interesting, be interested. Ask questions that other persons will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their accomplishments.

  Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their wants and problems than they are in you and your problems. A person’s toothache means more to that person than a famine in China which kills a million people. A boil on one’s neck interests one more than forty earthquakes in Africa. Think of that the next time you start a conversation

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  原则五：谈别人感兴趣的事（Talk in terms of the other person’s interests. ）

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  原则六：承认对方的优点和对自己的重要性（Make the other person feel important-and do it sincerely）

  The unvarnished truth is that almost all the people you meet feel themselves superior to you in some way, and a sure way to their hearts is to let them realize in some subtle way that you recognize their importance, and recognize it sincerely. Remember what Emerson said: “Every man I meet is my superior in some way. In that, I learn of him.

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  第三大章：How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

  原则一：避免和人辩论，因为你永远不会赢---这个，偶觉得还是方式的问题，不过还是尽量避免好了，因为没啥意义啊！：）The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it

  You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it,and if you win it, you lose it. Why?Well, suppose you triumph over the other man and shoot This argument full of holes and prove that he is non compos mentis.Then what? You will feel fine. But what about him? You have made him feel inferior. You have hurt his pride. He will resent your triumph. And A man convinced against his will Is of the same opinion still

  If you argue and rankle and contradict, you may achieve a victory sometimes, but it will be an empty victory because you will never get your opponent’s good wil

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  独立一段，关于怎样应对argument的建议：

  一 不同的见解是有益的：Welcome the disagreement. Remember the slogan, “When two partners always agree, one of them is not necessary.” If there is some point you haven’t thought about, be thankful if it is brought to your attention. Perhaps this disagreement is your opportunity to be corrected before you make a serious mistake.

  二：(别相信你的第一直觉印象--适用于异见）Distrust your first instinctive impression. Our first natural reaction in a disagreeable situation is to be defensive. Be careful. Keep calm and watch out for your first reaction. It may be you at your worst, not your best

  三（控制你的脾气）Control your temper. Remember, you can measure the size of a person by what makes him or her angry. Listen first. Give your opponents a chance to talk. Let them finish. Do not resist, defend or debate. This only raises barriers. Try to build bridges of understanding. Don’t build higher barriers of misunderstanding.

  四：求同存异：Look for areas of agreement. When you have heard your opponents out, dwell first on the points and areas on which

  you agree.

  五：诚实： Be honest, Look for areas where you can admit error and say so. Apologize for your mistakes. It will help disarm your

  opponents and reduce defensiveness.

  六：Promise to think over your opponents’ ideas and study them carefully. And mean it. Your opponents may be right. It is a lot easier at this stage to agree to think about their points than to move rapidly ahead and find yourself in a position where your opponents can say: “We tried to tell you, but you wouldn’t listen.”

  七：感谢你的对手：Thank your opponents sincerely for their interest. Anyone who takes the time to disagree with you is interested in the same things you are. Think of them as people who really want to help you, and you may turn your opponents into friends.

  八：给点时间给对方（很重要，很多时候回头看，会觉得当时狠傻，没必要为这问题吵，也从另一方面得出，和人去争论什么，真的没啥意义）Postpone action to give both sides time to think through the problem

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  原则二：别告诉别人自己比他们要高明

  这段狠有哲理，别证明自己比其他人聪明，就算知道，也别告诉他

  That is a challenge. It arouses opposition and makes the listener want to battle with you before you even start. It is difficult, under even the most benign conditions, to change people’s minds. So why make it harder? Why handicap yourself? If you are going to prove anything, don’t let anybody know it. Do it so subtly, so adroitly, that no one will feel that you are doing it.

  This was expressed succinctly by Alexander Pope: Men must be taught as if you taught them not And things unknown proposed as things forgot.

  Over three hundred years ago Galileo said: You cannot teach a man anything? you can only help him to find it within himself.

  As Lord Chesterfield said to his son: Be wiser than other people if you can? but do not tell them so.

  （勇于承认错误是最对的）You will never get into trouble by admitting that you may be wrong. That will stop all argument and inspire your opponent to be just as fair and open and broad-minded as you are. It will make him want to admit that he, too, may be wrong

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  原则三：勇于认错

  When we are right, let’s try to win people gently and tactfully to our way of thinking, and when we are wrong and that will be surprisingly often, if we are honest with ourselves - let’s admit our mistakes quickly and with enthusiasm. Not only will that technique produce astonishing results? but, believe it or not, it is a lot more

  fun, under the circumstances, than trying to defend oneself.

  Remember the old proverb: "By fighting you never get enough, but by yielding you get more than you expected.”

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  原则四：以友好的方式开始 Begin in a friendly way.

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  原则五： Get the other person saying “yes, yes”

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  原则六：Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.

  （这里和上面有点重复了，其实这里有很多原则是共通的）

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  原则七：Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers

  卡内基是个中国通，他引用了好多中国古代的谚语和道德经的东西：

  " The reason why rivers and seas receive the homage of a hundred mountain streams is that they keep below them. Thus they are able to reign over all the mountain streams. So the sage, wishing to be above men, put himself below them, wishing to be before them, he put himself behind them. Thus, though his place be above men, they do not feel his weight,though his place be before them, they do not count it an injury.”

  海纳百川，有容乃大

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  如果仅仅把这书当做是快餐书，励志书，成功学，

  真的很可惜，

  这书流传这么久真有它的道理，一些自以为是的“读书人”可能不屑看这类书，替他们遗憾。

  一本值得反复看的经典之作，最重要是去实践上述的原则，

  要记住：“This is an action book.”

  2012.2.3

  By Hammer