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《中国索引(第三辑)》内容包括：当代中国索引学的开拓者和引路人、创业艰难战多——中国索引学会早期岁月回顾、《地方志索引编制规则》编制说明、修订《索引编制规则（总则）》的几点思考、近十年索引成果信息分析及技术热点研究、注释出现的社会背景及其形式与功能等。

口述历史

当代中国索引学的开拓者和引路人

创业艰难战多——中国索引学会早期岁月回顾

索引国家标准研究

《地方志索引编制规则》编制说明

修订《索引编制规则（总则）》的几点思考

学术论坛

近十年索引成果信息分析及技术热点研究

注释出现的社会背景及其形式与功能

索引与数据库事业

中文图书内容索引分类调查

《广州大典总目》述要

关于编制少数民族文献专题书目索引若干问题的思考——以《壮语文研究著述目录索引》为例

试论年鉴索引的制作原则

OCR技术在馆藏民国期刊全文数字化建设中的应用

王正廷传记资料的整理与研究——以《20世纪中国人物传记资料索引》为例

中国地质调查项目论文统计分析

索引语言与信息组织

传染病分类主题词典的构建研究

2008年北京奥运文献的分类问题探讨——以首都图书馆为例

信息检索中索引倒排文件生成及汉字误检解决研究

史料与史话

近代以来新式汉字排检法题录汇编

专题索引

台湾索引编年要目

盛彤笙院士著译目录

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《中国索引(第三辑)》内容包括：当代中国索引学的开拓者和引路人、创业艰难战多——中国索引学会早期岁月回顾、《地方志索引编制规则》编制说明、修订《索引编制规则（总则）》的几点思考、近十年索引成果信息分析及技术热点研究、注释出现的社会背景及其形式与功能等。

• 作者：lotusblue 发布时间：2011-09-16 23:13:08

  曹文轩的文字一如既往的带有浓烈的画面感，雪中的芦花鞋，风中的纸灯笼，牛背上的小姑娘,如果早年阅读这种＂诗意的苦难＂，可能还会被戳中泪点。但年纪渐长，又和之前的行云流水的草房子相比，曹文轩的这部作品就显得把＂苦难＂营造得稍嫌刻意了。

• 作者：李小坏 发布时间：2017-05-04 14:28:02

  此生感受了一次66号，无遗憾了。

• 作者：chen 发布时间：2021-08-12 20:17:54

  词语可以收藏、组合，拥有的词语越多越能清楚地向世界表达自己的想法、感受。

• 作者：天天盒饭 发布时间：2022-08-04 11:08:02

  有些有启发….

• 作者：豆友1485565 发布时间：2007-12-08 13:03:37

  不错～简单易懂

• 作者：富兰克林顿 发布时间：2012-09-05 21:31:59

  语言关过了以后，重读第二章觉得爽快多了。很高兴自己对Magnus力的理解比第一次读时进了一步。

• 做人做事的普遍原则

  作者：Hammer_ 发布时间：2012-02-03 18:21:57

  Before we commence reading How To Win Friends And Influence People, we should first realize that this book had been written to be used to as textbook for the author's course in Effective speaking and Human relationship and it still used for today.

  So please not categorize this book as Self-help or Motivational book which often be degraded by those who unceasingly declaim how badly they hate this sort of things.

  Dealing with people is probably the biggest problem we face, especially if you are in business. Those principles can apply to all walks of people.

  If you wish to get the most out of this book, there is one indispensable requirement, one essential infinitely more important than any rule or technique. Unless you have this one fundamental requisite, a thousand rules on how to study will avail little.

  What is this magic requirement? Just this: a deep, driving desire to learn, a vigorous determination to increase your ability to deal with people.

  Once you believe,that works.

  “Education,” said the author “is the ability to meet life’s situations,”

  If by the time you have finished reading the first three chapters of this book- if you aren’t then a little better equipped to meet life’s situations, then I shall consider this book to be a total failure so far as you are concerned. For “the great aim of education,” said the author, “is not knowledge but action.”

  And this is an action book :)

  ----------------------------------

  readingnote:

  第一大章：怎样赢得朋友

  原则一：永远不要去批评别人

  很精辟，我们应该转换方式，让他们自己发现，或者用一种温和，婉转的方式，反之就算是中肯的批评也是有害无利

  1.ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

  2.Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment

    

  3.Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.

  4.每当我们想要批评别人的时候，想想这句话：“I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”Judge not, that ye be not judged

  5.最真诚的忠告------勿责人，常思已过：Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it, But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others - yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

  6.每个人都是感性的动物：When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

  7.我们应该做的：Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

  ------------------------------

  原则二 如何与人打交道---Give honest and sincere appreciation

  1、（有道理！）There is only one way under high heaven to get anybody to do anything. Did you ever stop to think of that? Yes, just one way. And that is by making the other person want to do it. Remember, there is no other way.

  2.每个人都得到赞扬啊：The deepest principle in human nature is the craving to be appreciated.The desire for a feeling of importance is one of the chief distinguishing differences between mankind and the animals

  3. 赞扬和奉承的区别：The difference between appreciation and flattery? That is simple. One is sincere and the other insincere. One comes from the heart out,the other from the teeth out. One is unselfish,the other selfish. One is universally admired, the other universally condemned.

  4.多点发自内心的感激，别吝啬对我们爱的人的赞扬：When we are not engaged in thinking about some definite problem, we usually spend about 95 percent of our time thinking about ourselves. Now, if we stop thinking about ourselves for a while and begin to think of the other person’s good points, we won’t have to resort to flattery so cheap and false that it can be spotted almost before it is out of the mouth

  5. 真的是这样呢：Let’s cease thinking of our accomplishments, our wants. Let’s try to figure out the other person’s good points. Then forget flattery. Give honest, sincere appreciation. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise,” and people will cherish your words and treasure them and repeat them over a lifetime -repeat them years after you have forgotten them

  ------------------------------------------

  原则三. 去谈论人家感兴趣的事----Arouse in the other person an eager want

  1.少谈自己，谈大家的兴趣和利益所在：So the only way cm earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it. Remember that tomorrow when you are trying to get somebody to do something. If, for example, you don’t want your children to smoke, don’t preach at them, and don’t talk about what you want? but show them that cigarettes may keep them from making the basketball team or winning the hundred-yard dash.（销售的人应该学学，学会从他人的角度看问题）

  2.If out of reading this book you get just one thing- an increased tendency to think always in terms of other people’s point of view, and see things from their angle - if you get that one thing out of this book, it may easily prove to be one of the building blocks of your career.

  3、我们的目的不是为了操纵人，而是实现双赢：Looking at the other person’s point of view and arousing in him an eager want for something is not to be construed as manipulating that person so that he will do something that is only for your benefit and his detriment

  ----------------------------------

  第二大章：怎样让人喜欢你

  原则一：Become genuinely interested in other people--对他人感兴趣

  1.If we want to make friends, let’s put ourselves out to do things for other people -things that require time, energy, unselfishness and thoughtfulness

  2.If we want to make friends, let’s greet people with animation and enthusiasm. When somebody calls you on the telephone use the same psychology

  -------------------

  原则二：经常微笑

  1.Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, “I like you, You make me happy. I am glad to see you.”That is why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. So, naturally, we are glad to see them. A baby’s smile has the same effect

  2.A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.”Your smile is a messenger of your good will. Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless -that there is joy in the world.

  --------------------------------

  原则三：记住别人的名字

  Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language

  ----------------------

  原则四： 做一个好的听众，让别人去谈论自己（Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves）

  So if you aspire to be a good conversationalist, be an attentive listener. To be interesting, be interested. Ask questions that other persons will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their accomplishments.

  Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their wants and problems than they are in you and your problems. A person’s toothache means more to that person than a famine in China which kills a million people. A boil on one’s neck interests one more than forty earthquakes in Africa. Think of that the next time you start a conversation

  ---------------------

  原则五：谈别人感兴趣的事（Talk in terms of the other person’s interests. ）

  -----------------------

  原则六：承认对方的优点和对自己的重要性（Make the other person feel important-and do it sincerely）

  The unvarnished truth is that almost all the people you meet feel themselves superior to you in some way, and a sure way to their hearts is to let them realize in some subtle way that you recognize their importance, and recognize it sincerely. Remember what Emerson said: “Every man I meet is my superior in some way. In that, I learn of him.

  -------------------------------

  第三大章：How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

  原则一：避免和人辩论，因为你永远不会赢---这个，偶觉得还是方式的问题，不过还是尽量避免好了，因为没啥意义啊！：）The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it

  You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it,and if you win it, you lose it. Why?Well, suppose you triumph over the other man and shoot This argument full of holes and prove that he is non compos mentis.Then what? You will feel fine. But what about him? You have made him feel inferior. You have hurt his pride. He will resent your triumph. And A man convinced against his will Is of the same opinion still

  If you argue and rankle and contradict, you may achieve a victory sometimes, but it will be an empty victory because you will never get your opponent’s good wil

  -----------------

  独立一段，关于怎样应对argument的建议：

  一 不同的见解是有益的：Welcome the disagreement. Remember the slogan, “When two partners always agree, one of them is not necessary.” If there is some point you haven’t thought about, be thankful if it is brought to your attention. Perhaps this disagreement is your opportunity to be corrected before you make a serious mistake.

  二：(别相信你的第一直觉印象--适用于异见）Distrust your first instinctive impression. Our first natural reaction in a disagreeable situation is to be defensive. Be careful. Keep calm and watch out for your first reaction. It may be you at your worst, not your best

  三（控制你的脾气）Control your temper. Remember, you can measure the size of a person by what makes him or her angry. Listen first. Give your opponents a chance to talk. Let them finish. Do not resist, defend or debate. This only raises barriers. Try to build bridges of understanding. Don’t build higher barriers of misunderstanding.

  四：求同存异：Look for areas of agreement. When you have heard your opponents out, dwell first on the points and areas on which

  you agree.

  五：诚实： Be honest, Look for areas where you can admit error and say so. Apologize for your mistakes. It will help disarm your

  opponents and reduce defensiveness.

  六：Promise to think over your opponents’ ideas and study them carefully. And mean it. Your opponents may be right. It is a lot easier at this stage to agree to think about their points than to move rapidly ahead and find yourself in a position where your opponents can say: “We tried to tell you, but you wouldn’t listen.”

  七：感谢你的对手：Thank your opponents sincerely for their interest. Anyone who takes the time to disagree with you is interested in the same things you are. Think of them as people who really want to help you, and you may turn your opponents into friends.

  八：给点时间给对方（很重要，很多时候回头看，会觉得当时狠傻，没必要为这问题吵，也从另一方面得出，和人去争论什么，真的没啥意义）Postpone action to give both sides time to think through the problem

  ---------------------------

  原则二：别告诉别人自己比他们要高明

  这段狠有哲理，别证明自己比其他人聪明，就算知道，也别告诉他

  That is a challenge. It arouses opposition and makes the listener want to battle with you before you even start. It is difficult, under even the most benign conditions, to change people’s minds. So why make it harder? Why handicap yourself? If you are going to prove anything, don’t let anybody know it. Do it so subtly, so adroitly, that no one will feel that you are doing it.

  This was expressed succinctly by Alexander Pope: Men must be taught as if you taught them not And things unknown proposed as things forgot.

  Over three hundred years ago Galileo said: You cannot teach a man anything? you can only help him to find it within himself.

  As Lord Chesterfield said to his son: Be wiser than other people if you can? but do not tell them so.

  （勇于承认错误是最对的）You will never get into trouble by admitting that you may be wrong. That will stop all argument and inspire your opponent to be just as fair and open and broad-minded as you are. It will make him want to admit that he, too, may be wrong

  ------------

  原则三：勇于认错

  When we are right, let’s try to win people gently and tactfully to our way of thinking, and when we are wrong and that will be surprisingly often, if we are honest with ourselves - let’s admit our mistakes quickly and with enthusiasm. Not only will that technique produce astonishing results? but, believe it or not, it is a lot more

  fun, under the circumstances, than trying to defend oneself.

  Remember the old proverb: "By fighting you never get enough, but by yielding you get more than you expected.”

  ----------------

  原则四：以友好的方式开始 Begin in a friendly way.

  --------------

  原则五： Get the other person saying “yes, yes”

  ------------------------

  原则六：Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.

  （这里和上面有点重复了，其实这里有很多原则是共通的）

  ----------------

  原则七：Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers

  卡内基是个中国通，他引用了好多中国古代的谚语和道德经的东西：

  " The reason why rivers and seas receive the homage of a hundred mountain streams is that they keep below them. Thus they are able to reign over all the mountain streams. So the sage, wishing to be above men, put himself below them, wishing to be before them, he put himself behind them. Thus, though his place be above men, they do not feel his weight,though his place be before them, they do not count it an injury.”

  海纳百川，有容乃大

  ------------------------------

  如果仅仅把这书当做是快餐书，励志书，成功学，

  真的很可惜，

  这书流传这么久真有它的道理，一些自以为是的“读书人”可能不屑看这类书，替他们遗憾。

  一本值得反复看的经典之作，最重要是去实践上述的原则，

  要记住：“This is an action book.”

  2012.2.3

  By Hammer

• 分类会让陌生人睡到同一张床上

  作者：Y 发布时间：2011-04-14 00:39:28

    不管是对图书馆藏书的分类还是对太阳系行星的定义，我们似乎是生来就开始遵守这个世界所规定的秩序的；不管是从人类文明发展的角度还是从小学生记忆负担的角度来看，现有的秩序似乎是必要存在的。字典从A到Z的排列、生蛋的鸭嘴兽被归类为哺乳动物、超市里更受欢迎的牛奶香蕉被排放在特价销售的狗粮之后等等，我们从一开始即被这些安排好的秩序所包围，因而很容易觉得它们是理所当然且合理的，毕竟作为普通的大多数我们只是秩序的遵守者而非制定者，更何况据村上春树的理论，作为一种”权宜之计“即使我们将太阳系当做一张硕大的馅饼来看待也未尝不可，因为普通人的一生几乎没有什么机会非得跟冥王星打交道（当然这比较耍赖）。

    温伯格用火星人观察地球智慧生物的一样方式来总结人类世界的三层秩序，大概来讲就是：

      1、萝卜就是萝卜；

      2、谁可以被称之为萝卜；

      3、数字世界中拥有无数个标签的萝卜。

    全书贯穿着Amazon、Flicker、Wiki等凭借数字Byte世界相对于现实的原子世界的优越性”击败“传统意义上的货架、贝德曼资料馆以及颇具喜剧色彩的《大英百科全书》的实例，其手段大概都与第三层秩序中那个可以拥有无数个标签的萝卜大同小异，其实我倒觉得这并没有什么值得沾沾自喜的，无非是数字世界在技术层面上摆脱了空间的限制所带来的福利而已，在数字世界可以不按照秩序随意堆放是因为我们输入一个萝卜的标签敲一下回车，所有事先被贴了标签的萝卜都会自动跑到我们面前，而在现实世界中我们不得不将其小心翼翼地分类排列在植物界萝卜属十字花科，只不过是因为我们不能像哈利波特那样站在杂乱的仓库门口挥一挥魔杖喊一声”萝卜飞来“就能让它从某个角落里飞出来。数字世界的确拥有种种优势，但我们毕竟还是生活在”一个萝卜只能放在一个坑里”的原子世界，况且即使Amazon在数字世界中的秩序再怎么混乱，它派送到客户手中的每一本实体书一定是精心排列在原子世界的秩序之下的。

    这本书大概写于07年，如今看来我似乎也已经把他所描述的第三层秩序当做理所当然的了，因而才会觉得“这也算不得什么革命嘛”。第三层秩序的优越性在于“高效”，然而温伯格也不得不承认标签和链接所构成的数字网络也并非那么完美，比如并不是所有人都会愿意给自己的每一张照片贴上许许多多标签，诚然，“解决信息过量的唯一途径是添加更多的信息”，可是要给数千张照片贴上尽可能多的标签岂不是要将人活生生逼成强迫症？而且抽象出一个标签就像给自己再注册一个用户名一样，世上还有更无聊的事吗。更致命的是并不是所有的用户都能精确地将自己想要的信息通过标签的形式与计算机进行交流，或者说从本质上计算机只不过是通过古板的字符串匹配来猜测用户的需求，如果我只记得某部电影中有一个“似乎…像是…嗯…缀满星辰的夜空…那样的…呃…黑色的巨大幕布”的场景，要我如何告知数字世界的信使？最终还是要人来迁就机器……

    总的看来温伯格所描述的“革命”可算是成功的预言（豆瓣标签可算是忠实的印证），但书中将《大英百科全书》几乎视为一个古板的小丑也真有点桀骜的“革命者”的架势了，不过既然他在“特别说明”中告知我们自己“担任了书中提到的某些公司顾问委员会的会员”，读者也就可以释然一笑了。